Global surface air temperatures in CMIP6: historical performance and future changes

Bias Corrections for Historical Sea Surface Temperatures Based on Marine Air Temperatures

Because of changes in SST sampling methods in the 1940s and earlier, there are biases in the earlier period SSTs relative to the most recent 50 years. Published results from the Met Office have shown the need for historic bias correction and have developed several correction techniques. An independent bias-correction method is developed here from an analysis using nighttime marine air temperatu...

A global comparison between station air temperatures and MODIS land surface temperatures reveals the cooling role of forests

Joint Variability of Global Runoff and Global Sea Surface Temperatures

Global land surface runoff and sea surface temperatures (SST) are analyzed to identify the primary modes of variability of these hydroclimatic data for the period 1905–2002. A monthly water-balance model first is used with global monthly temperature and precipitation data to compute time series of annual gridded runoff for the analysis period. The annual runoff time series data are combined wit...

Global and regional variability in marine surface temperatures

The temperature variability simulated by climate models is generally consistent with that observed in instrumental records at the scale of global averages, but further insight can also be obtained from regional analysis of the marine temperature record. A protocol is developed for comparing model simulations to observations that account for observational noise and missing data. General consiste...

Bayesian peA for Reconstruction of Historical Sea Surface Temperatures

In this work, reconstructions of historical global sea surface temperatures (SST) are performed using Bayesian principal component analysis (PCA). Two PCA models are examined: a model with isotropic noise and a model which takes into account data uncertainty due to sampling errors. Inference is done by variational Bayesian learning. The methods are compared with a more traditional technique, re...